Ticks are important ectoparasites in equids which causes economic losses in animal husbandry of Iran and worldwide. This study was aimed to determine frequency and species diversity of hard ticks in equids in Turkman sahra, Iran. 240 equids were randomly selected and examined from 2018-2019. Ixodid ticks were collected from body surface of examined animals and identified. Of all examined equids, 37.91% horses, and 4.16% donkeys were infested with a total number of 357 ixodid ticks. Tick indices (tick number per animal) were 3.53.  The highest prevalence of hard ticks was found in ≥3 years-old equids in the region. There was significant difference between prevalence and different age groups of infested animals. Of all examined ticks (357), three genera including Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Dermacentor spp. with four species. i.e. Hyalomma anatolicum (65.26%), H. marginatum (10.64%), Rhipicephalus bursa (22.12%) and Dermacentor marginatus (1.96%) were identified. Ixodid ticks’ INFESTATIONs occured throughout the year with the highest prevalence in spring. There was significant difference between prevalence of hard ticks and seasons in this study. The results revealed that species diversity and ixodid ticks’ INFESTATIONs were prevalent in the equids of Turkman sahra, Iran.

Chrysomya bezziana, one of the parasites causing myiasis, exists as an obligate ectoparasite in the animals and afflicts humans. Poor hygiene and working in contaminated areas particularly during warm seasons provides a setting for INFESTATION with this parasite. INFESTATION in human and livestock are often observed in wounds, normal body orifices such as the eyes, ears, nose and mouth. The manifestations include pruritus, pain, inflammation, redness, eosinophilia, and secondary bacterial infections and rarely death. A 55-year-old man who presented with pain in the left ear, severe pruritus and vertigo was followed up and treated. After physical examination and during radical mastoidectomy, 65 larvae were obtained from his ear. These were identified as Chrysomya bezziana. Treatment included use of sterile oil, 15% chloroform-containing sterile oil and/or surgery.

Background and objectives: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy encountered in clinical practice. Conventional electro diagnosis studies have been useful in the diagnosis of this condition. The Terminal Latency INDEX (TLI) is a derived neurophysiological value that adjusts the Distal motor Latency (DL) for the terminal distance and motor nerve Conduction Velocity (CV).Several studies have suggested utility of the median TLI for diagnosis of CTS.The goal of this study is to evaluate prospectively the sensitivity of the median TLI in the diagnosis of CTS and compare it with other electrodiagnosis techniques.Material and Methods: This study was done on 111 patients as CTS group & 62 healthy subject as control group. In all groups five selected tests of electrodiagnosis were done and all of them were compared with TLI sensitivity.Results: The mean TLI was 0.3±0.05 in the CTS group and 0.42±0.03 in the control group. The sensitivity of TLI was 73% The TLI wasn't statistically better than the other tests, but in three cases from the CTS group, the TLI was the only abnormal test.The 7 and 14 cm method had meaningful sensitivity in contrary to other tests.Conclusion: The sensitivity of TLI has no meaningful difference with other routine electro diagnostic tests in diagnosis of CTS.The median TLI is a useful but not more sensitive electrodiagnostic test for CTS.

Introduction: Three methods of OCRA INDEX, Strain INDEX (SI), and ACGIH HAL have been proposed for the assessment of risk factors of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Investigating the correlation and consistency of these three methods are of prominence importance in the workplaces. Thus, this study aimed to determine the correlations of the results of the above mentioned methods. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 150 tasks were studied in four industries. For each task, a video taping of a full working cycle was prepared and evaluated according to the instructions of each method. The level of risk exposure to musculoskeletal disorders was analyzed with correlation and Kappa agreement coefficient tests using SPSS (version 16) and R software packages.Results: The correlation between the results of risk assessments of OCRA and SI methods for right and left hands were acceptable and equal to 0.751 and 0.726, respectively (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the coefficients of agreement between OCRA and HAL methods for left and right hands were 0.526 and 0.595, respectively.Conclusion: These findings partly confirmed the agreement between the methods of risk assessment. The origin of this partial agreement can be the number and type of variables and their impacts on the final score of the methods.

A 67-year-old myopic man presented to the Ophthalmology Department of a teaching hospital in the mountainous state of Sikkim with complaints of red eye, ocular discomfort, and sensation of something moving in his right eye that lead to occasional visual blurring from the previous four days. His symptoms started after washing his face in a stream. Clinical diagnosis was a leech in the limbus of the right eye at the 12 o’clock position. Ocular leech INFESTATION should be considered in a patient with a history of swimming or face washing in streams and lakes. Herein we report a case of ocular leech INFESTATION that presented as red eye with intermittent blurring of vision in the affected eye, and discuss the differential diagnosis and clinical significance.

Cabbage aphid is of serious pests all over the world. It causes severe damage in rapeseed fields in Iran. Application of resistant genotype is a useful method in diminishing aphid damage. To overcome this problem, the resistance of 12 rapeseed genotypes were assessed in split plot in time based on complete blocks design under field conditions during 2011-12 in Miandoab region. Genotypes and six sampling dates were considered as the main plot and sub-plots, respectively. Evaluation of resistance susceptibility was done by using INFESTATION INDEX which included multiplication of INFESTATION percentage of genotype in plots x mean of infested stem length (cm) x number of aphid peripherally of one centimeter of infested stem. INFESTATION began in mid May and continued to the second half of April, and its highest peak was recorded April 11th. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (p<%1) between genotypes, sampling times and interaction between genotypes and sampling times. Highest rate of INFESTATION was recorded on genotypes RGS…3 and Bristol, and lowest INFESTATION on Triangle, Sarigol, and Opera with > 18 and < 6 INDEX, respectively.

Introduction: J.E.Hirsch introduced H INDEX to scientometric domain, representing actual scientific profitability quality of a researcher’s publications; and is equal to effective INDEX for researchers. Literature review: Studies showed that documents database have provided different H scores for each researcher and for different scientific fields. Despite the utmost advantages of H-INDEX it also have some flaws such as need to use complementary indices such as m, r, g INDEX. Conclusions: The strength point of H INDEX, is its ability to use in limited levels which is an complementary for other bibliomeetric exist INDEXes. This INDEX, with others, could be a suit INDEX to improvement scientific levels for researchers, scientist, and scientific board members.

Background: Farmers raise rabbits in abundance in Iraq. Scabies INFESTATION is one of the most prevalent diseases in rabbits. The current study investigates the rabbits’ INFESTATION with scabies that cause severe complications such as itchy alopecia, hyperkeratosis, anorexia, self-trauma, and weight loss. In short, the disease has high morbidity and mortality and creates heavy economic losses for farmers.Objectives: This study was designed to detect mange INFESTATION in rabbits using microscopic examination of skin scraping. This study is the first to investigate mange INFESTATION in rabbits in Mosul City, Iraq.Methods: A total of 130 rabbits were examined, and their skin lesions were scraped. Results: Of 130 rabbits, 56(43.1%) were infested with mange, including Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi (n=50, 38.5%), Psoroptes cuniculi (n=32, 25%), Notoedres cati var. cuniculi (n=26, 20%), Demodex cuniculi (n=12, 9%), and Cheyletiella spp. (n=4, 3%), with the high INFESTATION rate for S. scabiei var. cuniculi and the lowest rate for Cheyletiella spp. The significant lesions were hyperkeratosis followed by alopecia, then pruritus on many body areas (head, ears, abdomen, back, legs, tail, and perineal area). The highest INFESTATION rate was found on the abdomen and back, while the lowest was on the tail and perineal area. There are significant differences according to age, while no significant differences between the males and females and among three types of INFESTATION (single, double, and mixed).Conclusion: The rabbits were infested with several species with different percentages. There was no significant difference in INFESTATION rates between males and females, although there was a difference between younger and older animals. Lastly, a significant difference was clear among the three types of INFESTATION, and the double one was the dominant INFESTATION rate with 50%.